feiyang's blog

费洋的博客

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GitHub-Hexo-NexT 免费搭建自己的博客

Posted on Edited on In Disqus:

关于写博客

2018 年我在 GitHub 上看到强哥的博客，当时为之心动然后 Fork 了那个 repository。后来搬砖沦为社会人就断更了，在工作之后看到奥哥的博客，在他的安利之下，把之前的 Jekyll 的博客换成如今的 Hexo-NexT，打算记录下工作的点滴，学习的心得。一是分享，二是方便自己回顾和查阅。

更新历史

2020 年 09 月 09 日 - 增加使用子文件夹管理 Hexo 文章且不改变文章永久链接

GitHub

如果没有 GitHub 账号，需要去官网 https://github.com/ 注册一个账号。账号注册好之后，需要创建一个 repository，名称格式为 xxx.github.io 例如我的 GitHub 名称为 fainyang, 浏览器显示的 URL 为 https://github.com/fainyang 那么我新建的 repository 就是 fainyang.github.io

github

申请完账号，创建了 repository 之后，下一步就是在自己的电脑上安装 Hexo。

Hexo

Hexo——快速、简洁且高效的博客框架。官网 https://hexo.io/zh-cn/ 文档还有视频讲解如何安装

安装前提

在安装 Hexo 之前，需要安装 Git 与 Node.js 请参考 这里

开始安装

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npm install hexo-cli -g  
npm install hexo --save
hexo init <folder>   # <folder> 自己取个文件夹名字
cd <folder>          # 移动到 <folder> 文件夹，不清楚当前路径，可以执行 Mac:pwd  Windows: chdir
npm install          #feiy-mac:Coding feiy$ pwd    /Users/feiy/Coding

新建完成后，指定文件夹的目录如下：

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.
├── _config.yml    #站点配置文件,主要就是修改这个文件
├── package.json
├── scaffolds      #模板文件夹
├── source         #存放文章，图片的文件夹
|   ├── _drafts
|   └── _posts
└── themes         #主题文件夹，等会下载 NexT 主题

这是我的 _config.yml 配置

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# Hexo Configuration
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/configuration.html
## Source: https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/

# Site
title: feiyang's blog  
subtitle: 费洋的博客
description: 佛系咸鱼
keywords:
author: feiyang
language: zh-CN     #网址的显示语言
timezone:

# URL
## If your site is put in a subdirectory, set url as 'http://yoursite.com/child' and root as '/child/'
url: https://fainyang.github.io      #需要修改为自己的网址
enforce_ssl: fainyang.github.io
root: /
permalink: post/:name/
permalink_defaults:

# Directory
source_dir: source
public_dir: public
tag_dir: tags
archive_dir: archives
category_dir: categories
code_dir: downloads/code
i18n_dir: :lang
skip_render:

# Writing
new_post_name: :title.md 
 # File name of new posts
default_layout: post
titlecase: false # Transform title into titlecase
external_link: true # Open external links in new tab
filename_case: 0
render_drafts: false
post_asset_folder: false
relative_link: false
future: true
highlight:
  enable: true
  line_number: true
  auto_detect: false
  tab_replace: 
  
# Home page setting
# path: Root path for your blogs index page. (default = '')
# per_page: Posts displayed per page. (0 = disable pagination)
# order_by: Posts order. (Order by date descending by default)
index_generator:
  path: ''
  per_page: 10
  order_by: -date
  
# Category & Tag
default_category: uncategorized
category_map: 
tag_map: 

# Date / Time format
## Hexo uses Moment.js to parse and display date
## You can customize the date format as defined in
## http://momentjs.com/docs/#/displaying/format/
date_format: YYYY-MM-DD
time_format: HH:mm:ss

# Pagination
## Set per_page to 0 to disable pagination
per_page: 10
pagination_dir: page

# Extensions
## Plugins: https://hexo.io/plugins/
## Themes: https://hexo.io/themes/
theme: next

# Deployment
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html
deploy:
  type: git
  repo: https://github.com/fainyang/fainyang.github.io.git  #部署上传的地址，需要修改为自己的
  branch: master
  message: new hexo_blog
  

# Others
archive_generator:
  per_page: 10
  yearly: true
  monthly: true

tag_generator:
  per_page: 10

Hexo 常用命令

官网详细的介绍 https://hexo.io/zh-cn/docs/commands

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命令缩写
hexo n "文章标题" == hexo new "文章标题" #新建文章
hexo p == hexo publish
hexo g == hexo generate #生成
hexo s == hexo server   #启动服务预览
hexo d == hexo deploy   #部署

本地运行网站

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hexo s  # 当前路径要在之前创建的 hexo init <folder>  这个 <folder> 下
INFO  Start processing
INFO  Hexo is running at http://localhost:4000 . Press Ctrl+C to stop.

在浏览器输入 http://localhost:4000 就可以看到初始的网站

_post subfolder

_config.yml 里 permalinks 不用 :title 而用 :name 就好了（:name 就指代文件名本身)
为什么这样做，是因为我在 _post 下面新建了几个folder， 用年份来命名的文件夹

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permalink: post/:name/

NexT

Elegant Theme for Hexo——精于心，简于形。 官网 http://theme-next.iissnan.com/

安装 Next

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# 当前路径要在之前创建的 hexo init <folder>  这个 <folder> 下 
# 查看当前路径 Mac:pwd  Windows: chdir
cd <folder>
git clone https://github.com/theme-next/hexo-theme-next themes/next

git clone 完成后，指定文件夹的目录如下：

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.
├── _config.yml    #站点配置文件，主要就是修改这个文件
├── package.json
├── scaffolds      #模板文件夹
├── source         #存放文章，图片的文件夹
|   ├── _drafts
|   └── _posts
└── themes         #主题文件夹，等会下载 NexT 主题
    ├── landscape
    └── next
        └── _config.yml  #主题配置文件，修改博客主题样式等

主题配置文件 _config.yml

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#  菜单显示项
menu: 
  home: / || home
  about: /about/ || user
  tags: /tags/ || tags
  categories: /categories/ || th
  archives: /archives/ || archive

# Schemes 主题选择，我用的是 Gemini
#scheme: Muse
#scheme: Mist
#scheme: Pisces
scheme: Gemini

此时可以在本地预览一下运行命令 hexo s

部署到 GitHub

部署前，需要修改配置文件里面的 git 地址

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deploy:
  type: git
  repo: https://github.com/yourname/yourname.github.io.git  #部署上传的地址，需要修改为自己的
  branch: master
  message: new hexo_blog

修改好 _config.yml 里的 deploy 模块后，就可以开始进行部署，上传到 GitHub

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npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
hexo clean
hexo generate
hexo deploy

第一次部署需要输入自己的 GitHub 账号和密码。后面更新部署时就不需要再次输入密码了。

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feiy-mac:fainyang.github.io feiy$ hexo clean     #清除缓存
INFO  Deleted database.
INFO  Deleted public folder.
feiy-mac:fainyang.github.io feiy$ hexo generate  #生成文件
INFO  Start processing
INFO  Files loaded in 902 ms
INFO  Generated: sitemap.xml
INFO  Generated: atom.xml
INFO  Generated: index.html
INFO  Generated: tags/index.html
INFO  Generated: categories/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/index.html
INFO  Generated: about/index.html
INFO  Generated: img/combination1.png
INFO  Generated: images/algolia_logo.svg
INFO  Generated: img/combination2.png
INFO  Generated: img/404-southpark.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/favicon.ico
INFO  Generated: img/gay.jpeg
INFO  Generated: images/apple-touch-icon-next.png
INFO  Generated: img/old_driver.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/qq-qrcode.png
INFO  Generated: img/zjxc.jpg
INFO  Generated: images/cc-by-nc-nd.svg
INFO  Generated: images/avatar.gif
INFO  Generated: images/cc-by-nc-sa.svg
INFO  Generated: images/cc-by-nc.svg
INFO  Generated: images/cc-by-sa.svg
INFO  Generated: images/cc-by-nd.svg
INFO  Generated: images/cc-by.svg
INFO  Generated: images/favicon.ico
INFO  Generated: images/quote-l.svg
INFO  Generated: images/cc-zero.svg
INFO  Generated: images/loading.gif
INFO  Generated: images/logo.svg
INFO  Generated: images/searchicon.png
INFO  Generated: images/favicon-16x16-next.png
INFO  Generated: images/placeholder.gif
INFO  Generated: images/favicon-32x32-next.png
INFO  Generated: images/quote-r.svg
INFO  Generated: images/feiy.gif
INFO  Generated: archives/2019/03/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/02/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/hexo-blog/index.html
INFO  Generated: img/work/6.jpg
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/08/index.html
INFO  Generated: categories/学习/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/11/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/07/index.html
INFO  Generated: img/robot/run.png
INFO  Generated: tags/python/index.html
INFO  Generated: categories/生活/index.html
INFO  Generated: tags/hexo/index.html
INFO  Generated: tags/工作/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/04/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/03/index.html
INFO  Generated: tags/links/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/Canteen/index.html
INFO  Generated: tags/NUS/index.html
INFO  Generated: img/2019/github.png
INFO  Generated: post/Onboarding/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/Combination/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/Robot/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/blog/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/Master/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/links/index.html
INFO  Generated: post/timestampdiff/index.html
INFO  Generated: img/time3.png
INFO  Generated: img/start.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/robot/tencent.png
INFO  Generated: img/work/8.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/7.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/avatar-icon.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/time1.png
INFO  Generated: img/wx-qrcode.png
INFO  Generated: archives/2018/index.html
INFO  Generated: archives/2019/index.html
INFO  Generated: img/146228364162795.jpg
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/HELP-US-OUT.txt
INFO  Generated: css/main.css
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/bird.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/combination3.png
INFO  Generated: img/time4.png
INFO  Generated: img/path.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/time2.png
INFO  Generated: img/work/10.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/5.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/13.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/2.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/1.JPG
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/bower.json
INFO  Generated: img/robot/ditou.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/contact.png
INFO  Generated: img/robot/happy.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/robot/poor.jpeg
INFO  Generated: img/robot/miaohui.jpg
INFO  Generated: img/robot/qidai.jpeg
INFO  Generated: img/robot/python.png
INFO  Generated: img/robot/tuling.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/B.png
INFO  Generated: img/robot/dalao.png
INFO  Generated: lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2
INFO  Generated: img/robot/result3.jpeg
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/F-319.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/F-320.png
INFO  Generated: img/robot/result1.jpeg
INFO  Generated: img/work/9.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/wen.png
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/E1.png
INFO  Generated: lib/velocity/velocity.ui.js
INFO  Generated: lib/velocity/velocity.min.js
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/E-322.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/F-321.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/F-322.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/F-323.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/Y-320.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/Y-321.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/Y-322.png
INFO  Generated: img/work/12.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/robot/result2.jpeg
INFO  Generated: img/work/4.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/E-319.png
INFO  Generated: js/src/algolia-search.js
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css.map
INFO  Generated: img/issue.png
INFO  Generated: img/combination4.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/E-323.png
INFO  Generated: img/work/3.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/Y-319.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/table.png
INFO  Generated: img/work/11.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/15.JPG
INFO  Generated: js/src/affix.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/exturl.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/next-boot.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/scrollspy.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/js.cookie.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/post-details.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/scroll-cookie.js
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/Y-323.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/E-321.png
INFO  Generated: img/canteen/E-320.png
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css
INFO  Generated: lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css
INFO  Generated: js/src/motion.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/utils.js
INFO  Generated: js/src/schemes/pisces.js
INFO  Generated: img/work/16.JPG
INFO  Generated: js/src/schemes/muse.js
INFO  Generated: img/work/14.JPG
INFO  Generated: lib/jquery/index.js
INFO  Generated: img/install-steps.gif
INFO  Generated: lib/velocity/velocity.js
INFO  Generated: img/work/17.JPG
INFO  Generated: img/work/18.jpg
INFO  152 files generated in 1.86 s
feiy-mac:fainyang.github.io feiy$ hexo deploy     #部署到 GitHub
INFO  Deploying: git
INFO  Clearing .deploy_git folder...
INFO  Copying files from public folder...
INFO  Copying files from extend dirs...
[master f55c4d1] new hexo_blog
 34 files changed, 8859 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 archives/2019/03/index.html
 create mode 100644 archives/2019/index.html
 create mode 100644 categories/index.html
 create mode 100644 categories/学习/index.html
 create mode 100644 categories/生活/index.html
 create mode 100644 img/2019/github.png
 create mode 100644 post/hexo-blog/index.html
 create mode 100644 tags/NUS/index.html
 create mode 100644 tags/hexo/index.html
 rename tags/{life => links}/index.html (87%)
 create mode 100644 tags/工作/index.html
Enumerating objects: 114, done.
Counting objects: 100% (114/114), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (43/43), done.
Writing objects: 100% (69/69), 97.73 KiB | 3.62 MiB/s, done.
Total 69 (delta 33), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (33/33), completed with 17 local objects.
To https://github.com/fainyang/fainyang.github.io.git
   2b7a9ca..f55c4d1  HEAD -> master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'https://github.com/fainyang/fainyang.github.io.git'.
INFO  Deploy done: git

在浏览器输入: yourname.github.io 如果看到博客页面那就大功告成。如果有错误的话，在 GitHub repository Setting 里的 GitHub Pages 可以看到错误信息。

publish

图片管理

奥哥推荐的一个非常好用的图片管理工具 PicGo 图片上传+管理新体验。
picgo 需要用到 GitHub 的 token 最好保存下来，以免要迁移到其他电脑。

github 改名

在 github 改名和换邮箱后，之前很多的 commit 就不属于当前用户，无法显示在 activity 上面。 我们可以通过 git-filter-repo 来修改记录

  • 首先是安装 git-filter-repo 

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    $ pip3 install git-filter-repo

  • 然后是创建文件 mailma ， 参考 Git rewrite commit email addresses gitmailmap

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    新名称 新邮箱地址一定带< > 旧名称 旧邮箱地址一定带< > 
    feiyang233 <feiyangyang233@gmail.com> feiyang <fainyang@foxmail.com>
    feiyang233 <feiyangyang233@gmail.com> FEI YANG <fainyang@foxmail.com>

  • 下一步就是替换, 然后再更新远程

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    git filter-repo --mailmap mailmap --force

    # 因为替换后， 自动删除了远程，我们需要添加 remot
    git remote add origin git@github.com:feiyang233/feiyang233.github.io.git

    git push --force

hexo github 改名

  • 首先需要删除文件夹 .deploy_git , 需要注意的是： 删除这个文件夹后，重新部署，github 上面的 commit 记录会重新初始化。但我认为无所谓啦，我们的 blog 源文件不是这个 repo

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    ➜  blog git:(main) ✗ tree . -a -L 1                                                                                                                                                     <aws:default>
    .
    |-- .DS_Store
    |-- .deploy_git
    |-- .git
    |-- .gitignore
    |-- .idea
    |-- .vscode
    |-- _config.yml
    |-- db.json
    |-- debug.log
    |-- node_modules
    |-- package-lock.json
    |-- package.json
    |-- public
    |-- scaffolds
    |-- source
    `-- themes

  • 然后更新 _config.yml

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    deploy:
      type: git
      repo: git@github.com:feiyang233/feiyang233.github.io.git
      branch: master
      message: update githubid and email
      name: feiyang233
      email: feiyangyang233@gmail.com

  • 还有一种老方法 filter-branch 也是可以的，但官方已经不推荐了。 详情请看 修改Git全部Commit提交记录的用户名Name和邮箱Email

踩过的一些坑

  1. 在添加标签和分类的时候，当在source下面创建了文件夹的 index.md 这个文件一定要添加相关的 type. 例如 type: “categories”, type: “tags”.
  2. 添加搜索功能时，一直转圈加载不出来。是因为自己写的文章中存在不可见字符：一个backspace的字符。 详情可以参考： 一&nbsp; 二
  3. node@14 不兼容 https://github.com/hexojs/hexo-deployer-git/issues/177 三
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    $ hexo d
    INFO  Deploying: git
    INFO  Clearing .deploy_git folder...
    INFO  Copying files from public folder...
    FATAL Something's wrong. Maybe you can find the solution here: http://hexo.io/docs/troubleshooting.html
    TypeError [ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE]: The "mode" argument must be integer. Received an instance of Object
        at copyFile (fs.js:1890:10)
        at tryCatcher (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/util.js:16:23)
        at ret (eval at makeNodePromisifiedEval (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo-cli/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promisify.js:184:12), <anonymous>:13:39)
        at /Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/hexo-deployer-git/node_modules/hexo-fs/lib/fs.js:144:39
        at tryCatcher (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/util.js:16:23)
        at Promise._settlePromiseFromHandler (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:512:31)
        at Promise._settlePromise (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:569:18)
        at Promise._settlePromise0 (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:614:10)
        at Promise._settlePromises (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:694:18)
        at Promise._fulfill (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:638:18)
        at Promise._resolveCallback (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:432:57)
        at Promise._settlePromiseFromHandler (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:524:17)
        at Promise._settlePromise (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:569:18)
        at Promise._settlePromise0 (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:614:10)
        at Promise._settlePromises (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:694:18)
        at Promise._fulfill (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:638:18)
        at Promise._resolveCallback (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:432:57)
        at Promise._settlePromiseFromHandler (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:524:17)
        at Promise._settlePromise (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:569:18)
        at Promise._settlePromise0 (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:614:10)
        at Promise._settlePromises (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:694:18)
        at Promise._fulfill (/Users/yang.fei/Documents/fainyang.github.io/node_modules/bluebird/js/release/promise.js:638:18)

    #不该升级的 brew upgrade，只能重新安装 node@12

    brew install node@12

    echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/node@12/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

    source ~/.bash_profile
  4. hexo deploy git user.name 和全局的不一样 https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues/2125,
  5. update hexo https://finisky.github.io/2019/11/24/updatehexo/
  6. 解决Hexo博客模板hexo-theme-next的翻页按钮不正常显示问题 https://www.cnblogs.com/xiejava/p/12456273.html
  7. sidebar 出现 archives/%7C%7C%20archive
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    <a href="{{ url_for(theme.menu.archives).split('||')[0] | trim }}"> 
    替换为
    <a href="{{ url_for(theme.menu.archives.split('||')[0] | trim) }}">

hexo 升级

换了新电脑，环境重新配置的时候，老版本的 node 已经 brew 已经 deprecate 了，所以干脆就升级了。 用最新的 hexo V6 也是非常的简单

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brew install node@18

brew link node@18

npm install -g hexo-cli

# 需要 cd 到 blog 目录下面安装
npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
npm install hexo-generator-search --save

➜  blog git:(main) ✗ hexo --version                                                                                                                                                                                                       <aws:default>
INFO  Validating config
hexo: 6.3.0
hexo-cli: 4.3.0

hexo init new_blog
cd new_blog/
npm install

# 安装主题
git clone https://github.com/theme-next/hexo-theme-next themes/next

然后就把 blog root 目录下面的 _config.yml 文件还有 source 文件夹替换到新的 new_blog 下面， 最后就是替换 themes/next 主题的配置文件 _config.yml

中间可能 hexo 有一些配置需要修改， 当运行 hexo s 会提示错误在哪里，然后就根据提示修改 hexo config 就行