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gitlab install and CI pipeline

为了测试 gitlab CI pipeline, 从而在家里的台式机搭建了测试环境。

为什么进行这次实验?因为自己平时只是用到了 gitlab,它对于我来说是一个黑盒。
为了搞清楚 CI job 里面的一些 function 用法,自己搭建一套环境。一是方便实验,二是自己不能在公司的环境上实验,担心造成破坏。

Update history

2021-07-13 安利学 git 的网站 Learn Git BranchingGit 命令太难学?我用一款游戏带你玩转它!
2021-05-24 终于认识到自己的膨胀了,倍感欣慰
2021-01-09 初稿,妹子什么时候才能好好学习呀

Environment

默认技能:

  • docker, 虚拟机上安装 docker 的过程就省略了
  • DNS, 因为是自定义的域名,所以需要绑定在本地 hosts

最开始 Ubuntu 机器只有 2 cpu 4GB, 安装 gitlab 非常卡顿, load 高到 40+, 增加配置后,顺利安装

Name Operating system CPU RAM Disk IP
gitlab-main Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS 4 8G 50G 192.168.64.3
gitlab-runner CentOS 7.8.2003 2 2G 20G 192.168.64.4
gitlab-runner Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS 2 4G 20G 192.168.64.5

Install gitlab

官方文档:https://docs.gitlab.com/

gitlab

本次实验,为了快速安装选择了 docker 模式。 https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/docker/README.html

本地 22 端口被 SSH 占用了,所以改为了 2222,这里需要注意的是,我用的是 社区版本 ce

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sudo docker run --detach \
--hostname gitlab.feiyang.com \
--publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 2222:22 \
--name gitlab \
--restart always \
--volume $GITLAB_HOME/config:/etc/gitlab \
--volume $GITLAB_HOME/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
--volume $GITLAB_HOME/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest

如果还需要修改配置,可以 attach 到容器内部,进行修改。

例如修改 relative URL https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#enable-relative-url-in-gitlab

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docker exec -it gitlab bash

vi /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb


# 指定host地址
external_url 'http://gitlab.feiyang.com'

# 重新加载配置文件并重启服务
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
gitlab-ctl restart

第一次登陆,一定要以 IP 地址登陆,而不是用 localhost。 否则设置 root 新密码就会遇到错误 8 errors prohibited this user from being saved
成功登陆网友以后,我创建了一个新用户,并且设置了 SSH Key,创建了一个 test repo

在这里需要的注意的是,如果没有设置域名 http://gitlab.feiyang.com 那在repo 页面上 git clong 的 url 可能不对,导致无法解析并下载。

runner

本次实验,为了快速安装选择了 docker 模式。 https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/docker.html

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docker volume create gitlab-runner-config

docker run -d --name gitlab-runner --restart always \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
-v gitlab-runner-config:/etc/gitlab-runner \
gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest

最好先进入容器设置一下 extra_hosts = [“gitlab.feiyang.com:192.168.64.3”] (这里后文有详细介绍 config.toml 可以搜索关键词) 否则注册 runner 的时候,只能输入 IP
下一步就是注册,前提你需要去 gitlab 网页上 CI/CD section runner 详情页上获得 token

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[root@centos7 jy576]# docker run --rm -it -v gitlab-runner-config:/etc/gitlab-runner gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest register
Runtime platform arch=amd64 os=linux pid=7 revision=943fc252 version=13.7.0
Running in system-mode.

Enter the GitLab instance URL (for example, https://gitlab.com/):
http://gitlab.feiyang.com/
Enter the registration token:
kXmj4UA9Z2_NL2sa2Z6z
Enter a description for the runner:
[43420abf216d]: centos7
Enter tags for the runner (comma-separated):
ci,ssh
ERROR: Registering runner... failed runner=kXmj4UA9 status=couldn't execute POST against http://gitlab.feiyang.com/api/v4/runners: Post http://gitlab.feiyang.com/api/v4/runners: dial tcp: lookup gitlab.feiyang.com on 8.8.8.8:53: no such host
PANIC: Failed to register the runner. You may be having network problems.
[root@centos7 jy576]# docker run --rm -it -v gitlab-runner-config:/etc/gitlab-runner gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest register
Runtime platform arch=amd64 os=linux pid=8 revision=943fc252 version=13.7.0
Running in system-mode.

Enter the GitLab instance URL (for example, https://gitlab.com/):
http://192.168.64.3/
Enter the registration token:
kXmj4UA9Z2_NL2sa2Z6z
Enter a description for the runner:
[a7068d34147b]: centos7
Enter tags for the runner (comma-separated):
ci,ssh
Registering runner... succeeded runner=kXmj4UA9
Enter an executor: custom, virtualbox, docker+machine, docker, docker-ssh, parallels, shell, ssh, docker-ssh+machine, kubernetes:
docker
Enter the default Docker image (for example, ruby:2.6):
python:3.9.1-slim-buster
Runner registered successfully. Feel free to start it, but if it's running already the config should be automatically reloaded!
[root@centos7 jy576]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
926cd5798468 gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest "/usr/bin/dumb-init …" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes gitlab-runner

回到网页端,我们需要修改一下 runner 设置,勾选上 Run untagged jobs

因为我们是自定义域名,所以我们需要在 gitlab-runner 里面进行设置,否则 CI job 无法 pull

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Running with gitlab-runner 13.7.0 (943fc252)
on centos7 FSX9yRiU
Preparing the "docker" executor
00:04
Using Docker executor with image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Pulling docker image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Using docker image sha256:b55839ea7a0e9bb534237d00558cb96dce4013bf7f1092966fe0e27e98f8179f for python:3.9.1-slim-buster with digest python@sha256:4d92968b26bb6b7b62d957244de86fc1054f03793577d49e85c00864eb03ca07 ...
Preparing environment
00:01
Running on runner-fsx9yriu-project-2-concurrent-0 via 926cd5798468...
Getting source from Git repository
00:00
Fetching changes with git depth set to 50...
Initialized empty Git repository in /builds/feiyang/test/.git/
Created fresh repository.
fatal: unable to access 'http://gitlab.feiyang.com/feiyang/test.git/': Could not resolve host: gitlab.feiyang.com
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1

在这里,我们需要在 runner 里面定义好 domain gitlab.feiyang.com
参考文档: https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html#the-runnersdocker-section
extra_hosts: Specify hosts that should be defined in container environment

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[root@centos7 jy576]# docker exec -it gitlab-runner bash
root@926cd5798468:/# cat /etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml
concurrent = 1
check_interval = 0

[session_server]
session_timeout = 1800

[[runners]]
name = "centos7"
url = "http://192.168.64.3/"
token = "FSX9yRiUGxok94hMPYdt"
executor = "docker"
[runners.custom_build_dir]
[runners.cache]
[runners.cache.s3]
[runners.cache.gcs]
[runners.cache.azure]
[runners.docker]
tls_verify = false
image = "python:3.9.1-slim-buster"
privileged = true
disable_entrypoint_overwrite = false
oom_kill_disable = false
disable_cache = false
volumes = ["/cache"]
shm_size = 0
extra_hosts = ["gitlab.feiyang.com:192.168.64.3"]

Test CI

gitlab 和 runner 安装完成以后,我们就可以进行测试

Job artifacts

文档:https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/pipelines/job_artifacts.html#defining-artifacts-in-gitlab-ciyml

test repo 目录结构如下
├── .gitlab-ci.yml
├── lint.py
└── README.md

lint.py

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import os
os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
print("feiyang test CI")
print(os.getcwd())

.gitlab-ci.yml

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stages:
- lint
- build
- deploy

image: python:3.9.1-slim-buster

check_path:
stage: lint
before_script:
- pwd
script:
- cd /builds/$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/$CI_PROJECT_NAME && python lint.py

build_ami:
stage: build
before_script:
- apt update && apt install -y curl
script:
- echo $CI_JOB_ID >> ip.json && curl ipinfo.io >> ip.json
artifacts:
expire_in: 1 year
paths:
- ip.json

read_artifacts:
stage: deploy
before_script:
- pwd
script:
- cat ip.json

CI 结果

lint

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Running with gitlab-runner 13.7.0 (943fc252)
on centos7 FSX9yRiU
Preparing the "docker" executor
00:05
Using Docker executor with image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Pulling docker image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Using docker image sha256:b55839ea7a0e9bb534237d00558cb96dce4013bf7f1092966fe0e27e98f8179f for python:3.9.1-slim-buster with digest python@sha256:4d92968b26bb6b7b62d957244de86fc1054f03793577d49e85c00864eb03ca07 ...
Preparing environment
00:00
Running on runner-fsx9yriu-project-2-concurrent-0 via 926cd5798468...
Getting source from Git repository
00:01
Fetching changes with git depth set to 50...
Reinitialized existing Git repository in /builds/feiyang/test/.git/
Checking out b60b95c1 as master...
Removing ip.json
Skipping Git submodules setup
Executing "step_script" stage of the job script
00:00
$ pwd
/builds/feiyang/test
$ cd /builds/$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/$CI_PROJECT_NAME && python lint.py
feiyang test CI
/builds/feiyang/test
Job succeeded

build

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Running with gitlab-runner 13.7.0 (943fc252)
on centos7 FSX9yRiU
Preparing the "docker" executor
00:04
Using Docker executor with image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Pulling docker image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Using docker image sha256:b55839ea7a0e9bb534237d00558cb96dce4013bf7f1092966fe0e27e98f8179f for python:3.9.1-slim-buster with digest python@sha256:4d92968b26bb6b7b62d957244de86fc1054f03793577d49e85c00864eb03ca07 ...
Preparing environment
00:00
Running on runner-fsx9yriu-project-2-concurrent-0 via 926cd5798468...
Getting source from Git repository
00:01
Fetching changes with git depth set to 50...
Reinitialized existing Git repository in /builds/feiyang/test/.git/
Checking out b60b95c1 as master...
Skipping Git submodules setup
Executing "step_script" stage of the job script
00:05
$ apt update && apt install -y curl
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
Get:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [65.4 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease [121 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease [51.9 kB]
Get:4 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [260 kB]
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7907 kB]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [7860 B]
Fetched 8414 kB in 2s (4381 kB/s)
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
2 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
krb5-locales libcurl4 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3
libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common libnghttp2-14 libpsl5 librtmp1
libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libssh2-1 publicsuffix
Suggested packages:
krb5-doc krb5-user libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit
| libsasl2-modules-gssapi-heimdal libsasl2-modules-ldap libsasl2-modules-otp
libsasl2-modules-sql
The following NEW packages will be installed:
curl krb5-locales libcurl4 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1
libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common libnghttp2-14 libpsl5
librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libssh2-1
publicsuffix
0 upgraded, 18 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 2470 kB of archives.
After this operation, 5837 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 krb5-locales all 1.17-3+deb10u1 [95.4 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libkeyutils1 amd64 1.6-6 [15.0 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libkrb5support0 amd64 1.17-3+deb10u1 [65.8 kB]
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libk5crypto3 amd64 1.17-3+deb10u1 [122 kB]
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libkrb5-3 amd64 1.17-3+deb10u1 [369 kB]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libgssapi-krb5-2 amd64 1.17-3+deb10u1 [158 kB]
Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libsasl2-modules-db amd64 2.1.27+dfsg-1+deb10u1 [69.1 kB]
Get:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libsasl2-2 amd64 2.1.27+dfsg-1+deb10u1 [106 kB]
Get:9 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libldap-common all 2.4.47+dfsg-3+deb10u4 [89.8 kB]
Get:10 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libldap-2.4-2 amd64 2.4.47+dfsg-3+deb10u4 [224 kB]
Get:11 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libnghttp2-14 amd64 1.36.0-2+deb10u1 [85.0 kB]
Get:12 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libpsl5 amd64 0.20.2-2 [53.7 kB]
Get:13 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 librtmp1 amd64 2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-2 [60.5 kB]
Get:14 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libssh2-1 amd64 1.8.0-2.1 [140 kB]
Get:15 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libcurl4 amd64 7.64.0-4+deb10u1 [331 kB]
Get:16 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 curl amd64 7.64.0-4+deb10u1 [264 kB]
Get:17 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 libsasl2-modules amd64 2.1.27+dfsg-1+deb10u1 [104 kB]
Get:18 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 publicsuffix all 20190415.1030-1 [116 kB]
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Fetched 2470 kB in 0s (5707 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package krb5-locales.
(Reading database ... 6829 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-krb5-locales_1.17-3+deb10u1_all.deb ...
Unpacking krb5-locales (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libkeyutils1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../01-libkeyutils1_1.6-6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libkeyutils1:amd64 (1.6-6) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libkrb5support0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../02-libkrb5support0_1.17-3+deb10u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libkrb5support0:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libk5crypto3:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libk5crypto3_1.17-3+deb10u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libk5crypto3:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
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Unpacking libkrb5-3:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
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Setting up libnghttp2-14:amd64 (1.36.0-2+deb10u1) ...
Setting up krb5-locales (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Setting up libldap-common (2.4.47+dfsg-3+deb10u4) ...
Setting up libkrb5support0:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Setting up libsasl2-modules-db:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-1+deb10u1) ...
Setting up librtmp1:amd64 (2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-2) ...
Setting up libk5crypto3:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Setting up libsasl2-2:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-1+deb10u1) ...
Setting up libssh2-1:amd64 (1.8.0-2.1) ...
Setting up libkrb5-3:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Setting up publicsuffix (20190415.1030-1) ...
Setting up libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.47+dfsg-3+deb10u4) ...
Setting up libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 (1.17-3+deb10u1) ...
Setting up libcurl4:amd64 (7.64.0-4+deb10u1) ...
Setting up curl (7.64.0-4+deb10u1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.28-10) ...
$ echo $CI_JOB_ID >> ip.json && curl ipinfo.io >> ip.json
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 312 100 312 0 0 1362 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1362
Uploading artifacts for successful job
00:00
Uploading artifacts...
ip.json: found 1 matching files and directories
Uploading artifacts as "archive" to coordinator... ok id=14 responseStatus=201 Created token=AzTM9Cfs
Job succeeded

deploy

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Running with gitlab-runner 13.7.0 (943fc252)
on centos7 FSX9yRiU
Preparing the "docker" executor
00:04
Using Docker executor with image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Pulling docker image python:3.9.1-slim-buster ...
Using docker image sha256:b55839ea7a0e9bb534237d00558cb96dce4013bf7f1092966fe0e27e98f8179f for python:3.9.1-slim-buster with digest python@sha256:4d92968b26bb6b7b62d957244de86fc1054f03793577d49e85c00864eb03ca07 ...
Preparing environment
00:00
Running on runner-fsx9yriu-project-2-concurrent-0 via 926cd5798468...
Getting source from Git repository
00:01
Fetching changes with git depth set to 50...
Reinitialized existing Git repository in /builds/feiyang/test/.git/
Checking out b60b95c1 as master...
Removing ip.json
Skipping Git submodules setup
Downloading artifacts
00:00
Downloading artifacts for build_ami (14)...
Downloading artifacts from coordinator... ok id=14 responseStatus=200 OK token=AzTM9Cfs
Executing "step_script" stage of the job script
00:00
$ pwd
/builds/feiyang/test
$ cat ip.json
14
{
"ip": "x.x.x.x",
"hostname": "singnet.com.sg",
"city": "Singapore",
"region": "Singapore",
"country": "SG",
"loc": "1,103",
"org": "AS9506 Singtel Fibre Broadband",
"postal": "048508",
"timezone": "Asia/Singapore",
"readme": "https://ipinfo.io/missingauth"
}
Job succeeded

总结 artifacts,前一个 stage 生存的文件,以 artifacts 保存下来,给下一个 stage 使用

CI/CD

Services

dind

dind docker in docker, 在 docker 里面运行 docker,套娃。 我在工作上遇到了,用 gitlab CI docker build image, 我们先看下面的一段 ci.yml

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# ------------- sleep 方便检测容器 -----------------
build_docker:
stage: build
image: docker:latest
variables:
DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375
# This instructs Docker not to start over TLS.
DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
before_script:
- apk add --no-cache curl jq python3 py3-pip git
- head -1 /proc/self/cgroup|cut -d/ -f3
- docker info
- env
services:
- docker:dind
script:
- head -1 /proc/self/cgroup|cut -d/ -f3
- env
- docker build -t sre-turtle .
- sleep 300

# ------------- 测试 docker login 和 push ----------------

build_docker:
stage: build
image: docker:latest
variables:
DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375
# This instructs Docker not to start over TLS.
DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
before_script:
- echo $DOCKERPASS | docker login --username $DOCKERUSER --password-stdin
services:
- docker:dind
script:
- export VERSION=${CI_JOB_ID}_$(echo $CI_COMMIT_SHA | head -c 8)
- docker build -t sre-turtle .
- docker tag sre-turtle:latest $DOCKERUSER/turtle:$VERSION
- docker push $DOCKERUSER/turtle:$VERSION

上面这一段代码的意思:

  1. 启动一个容器1 docker:latest 开始进行 CI
  2. 同时启动一个 service 运行在容器2 docker:dind 里面,service 生命周期仅限于 build_docker 这一步
  3. 当容器1 运行 docker build 的时候,容器1 会自动调用容器2 的 docker engine 。 打一个比方, 容器1 好比你电脑的命令行,容器2 好比你电脑上运行的 docker,当我们在电脑上运行 docker build , 实际上也是去调用 电脑上运行的 docker 来 build image
  4. 补充知识 两容器之间的连接
  5. 测试 docker login 和 push 的成果 https://hub.docker.com/r/feiyang233/turtle

下图就很清楚的解释了 gitlab-runner 在运行上面这段代码时,容器的整体情况,会创建 2 个容器,一个负责 CI script, 一个负责 docker engine

为了更有说服力, 我们也亲自 SSH 到机器上面去验证
这里 docker:latest 运行所有的 script

这里 docker:dind 运行 docker engine , 对外提供服务端口 2375

总结图,可以看到 build image 是存放在 docker engine, 在 CI shell 运行 docker images 可以调用 API 检查

build image

如果在构建镜像的过程中,需要访问一个私有的仓库 How to securely git clone/pip install a private repository into my docker image?
好消息! docker 官网已经有了答案 Using SSH to access private data in builds。但是官网的文档真的不够详细,还是要参考这一细节 BuildKit 镜像构建。看一眼 Docker 一篇文章带你理解Dockerfile
安全的办法是采用 ssh key 访问:

如下图所示,当我们在构建镜像的时候,实际上是 Dockerfile 指定的那一个镜像(图中是 python的镜像 )去执行 git clone 或者 pip install, 为了不让 SSH key 存在于我们的镜像中, 确保安全第一,我们必须用新版 docker 提供的 BuildKit, 下一代的镜像构建组件。

  • 在容器1 运行一个 eval $(ssh-agent), CI 容器1 中有 SSH key (gitlab deploy key)
  • 容器1 通过 docker –ssh default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK 配置好 allow the Docker Engine to forward SSH agent connections.
  • 在 Dockerfile 构建的步骤里,哪一步需要 SSH 代理转发, 就挂载 ssh, RUN –mount=type=ssh <执行命令>

完整的实验代码

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# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.2

FROM python:3.9.1-slim-buster

WORKDIR /app

#COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
COPY . .
RUN apt update && apt install -y openssh-client git dnsutils
RUN mkdir -p -m 0700 ~/.ssh && echo "[192.168.64.3]:2222 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAs5kvb4yuBB1C5yJfyav7F13MCP5Z4BJpCYq403tz2G/eyUMzJUzW+/FIIlLAffnLZxqkLpKZterXD2Ahn9KvA=" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
# RUN mkdir -p -m 0700 ~/.ssh && ssh-keyscan gitlab.feiyang.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts 但是我自己自定义的域名,无法解析
RUN nslookup gitlab.feiyang.com
RUN --mount=type=ssh git clone ssh://git@192.168.64.3:2222/feiyang/test.git

RUN ls && env && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove git

CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
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build_docker:
stage: build
image: docker:latest
variables:
DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375
# This instructs Docker not to start over TLS.
DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
PASS_VAR: $FEIYANG
before_script:
- apk add --no-cache curl jq python3 py3-pip git bind-tools openssh-client
- echo $DOCKERPASS | docker login --username $DOCKERUSER --password-stdin
- mkdir -p -m 0700 ~/.ssh
#- 这里本来应该是 ssh-keyscan gitlab.feiyang.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts 但是我自己自定义的域名,无法解析
- echo "[192.168.64.3]:2222 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAs5kvb4yuBB1C5yJfyav7F13MCP5Z4BJpCYq403tz2G/eyUMzJUzW+/FIIlLAffnLZxqkLpKZterXD2Ahn9KvA=" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
- chmod 600 $SSH_TEST
- cat /etc/hosts
- nslookup gitlab.feiyang.com

services:
- docker:dind
script:
- export VERSION=${CI_JOB_ID}_$(echo $CI_COMMIT_SHA | head -c 8)
- export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
- eval $(ssh-agent)
- ssh-add $SSH_TEST
- docker build -t sre-turtle --ssh default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK .
- docker tag sre-turtle:latest $DOCKERUSER/turtle:$VERSION
- docker push $DOCKERUSER/turtle:$VERSION

最后的结果 成品镜像

可以运行如下的命令去检测 SSH key 是否存在于,新构建的镜像中

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docker pull feiyang233/turtle:177_0f142bbc
docker run -it feiyang233/turtle:177_0f142bbc bash
ls ~/.ssh/

bonus for sai

Maybe you have a question, why we need 2 docker containers, 1 stage task container, 1 service docker engine

The answer is

  • It’s easier and faster to use an existing image and run it as an additional container than to install docker engine
  • if you use dind image, please remember gitlab CI docker CMD entrypoint is /bin/sh, because CI job you need run script on shell

But we also can try to test using only 1 container to build docker image:

  • because gitlab start this container by /bin/sh
  • we need manually run docker engine in backend and wait it startup
  • we also need change the deafult env of DOCKER_HOST

I also manually to test, see the terminal logs:

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root@ubuntu20:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ad978e3c9250 dc8c389414c8 "dockerd-entrypoint.…" 16 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 2375-2376/tcp runner-supzrn4b-project-2-concurrent-0-ef2ee4c879673f88-build-2
dea3a81e5209 gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest "/usr/bin/dumb-init …" 4 months ago Up 46 minutes gitlab-runner
root@ubuntu20:~# docker exec -it ad978e3c9250 sh
/ # ps -ef
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /bin/sh
17 root 0:00 /bin/sh
27 root 0:00 sleep 120
28 root 0:00 sh
34 root 0:00 ps -ef
/ # env | grep DOCKER_HOST
CI_COMMIT_TITLE=export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
CI_COMMIT_MESSAGE=export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
/ # export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
/ # env | grep DOCKER_HOST
CI_COMMIT_TITLE=export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
CI_COMMIT_MESSAGE=export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
/ # dockerd --host=unix:///var/run/docker.sock --host=tcp://0.0.0.0:2375
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:31.852225191Z] Starting up
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:31.853254325Z] could not change group /var/run/docker.sock to docker: group docker not found
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:31.853700852Z] Binding to IP address without --tlsverify is insecure and gives root access on this machine to everyone who has access to your network. host="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:31.853771630Z] Binding to an IP address, even on localhost, can also give access to scripts run in a browser. Be safe out there! host="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:32.857263870Z] Binding to an IP address without --tlsverify is deprecated. Startup is intentionally being slowed down to show this message host="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:32.857418830Z] Please consider generating tls certificates with client validation to prevent exposing unauthenticated root access to your network host="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:32.857466269Z] You can override this by explicitly specifying '--tls=false' or '--tlsverify=false' host="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
WARN[2021-06-02T15:20:32.857660544Z] Support for listening on TCP without authentication or explicit intent to run without authentication will be removed in the next release host="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:47.860746924Z] libcontainerd: started new containerd process pid=48
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:47.860803013Z] parsed scheme: "unix" module=grpc
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:47.860813924Z] scheme "unix" not registered, fallback to default scheme module=grpc
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:47.860830282Z] ccResolverWrapper: sending update to cc: {[{unix:///var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.sock <nil> 0 <nil>}] <nil> <nil>} module=grpc
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:47.860835997Z] ClientConn switching balancer to "pick_first" module=grpc
INFO[2021-06-02T15:20:47.877826134Z] starting containerd revision=05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e version=v1.4.4

Finally, share with you the gitlab ci yaml file

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before_script:
- apk add --no-cache curl jq python3 py3-pip git
- mkdir -p -m 0600 ~/.ssh
- echo "[192.168.64.3]:2222 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAs5kvb4yuBB1C5yJfyav7F13MCP5Z4BJpCYq403tz2G/eyUMzJUzW+/FIIlLAffnLZxqkLpKZterXD2Ahn9KvA=" >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
- chmod 600 $SSH_TEST
- export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375
- nohup dockerd --host=unix:///var/run/docker.sock --host=tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 &
- cp $SSH_TEST ~/.ssh/id_rsa
- sleep 30 # it's hard to set a best vaule

script:
- export VERSION=${CI_JOB_ID}_$(echo $CI_COMMIT_SHA | head -c 8)
- export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
- eval $(ssh-agent)
- ssh-add $SSH_TEST
- docker build -t sre-turtle --ssh default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK .
- docker tag sre-turtle:latest $DOCKERUSER/turtle:$VERSION
- echo $DOCKERPASS | docker login --username $DOCKERUSER --password-stdin
- docker push $DOCKERUSER/turtle:$VERSION
gitlab docker in docker pros cons
2 containers official recommend
Automatically wait docker engine startup
No need setup env
parallel start 2 docker is faster
Use one more docker
1 container one docker is enough slower than 2 dockers
need more setup: env
unsure how long to wait docker engin startup

注意事项

  • gitlab 自定义 SSH 端口

  • gitlab container registry authenticate

  • 设置 CI/CD 变量的时候, 上传 deploy key, 类型选择 file, 切记多留最后一行空白,否则会报错

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    Error loading key "/root/.ssh/id_rsa": invalid format

    临时文件会在 runner 容器的 /build/user/project.temp/ 下面。 比如说 /builds/feiyang/test.tmp/SSH_TEST

  • Error loading key "/root/.ssh/id_ed25519": invalid format deploy key 的类型,最好是 RSA (at least 2048-bit key size), 新的 ED25519 (preferred) 在 docker build 会报错

  • Host key verification failed. 两个容器都需要添加 ssh-keyscan gitlab.feiyang.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

  • Installing ssh-keyscan on Alpine linux? 这里安装包 openssh-client 就足够了, 如果安装 openssh, 就重很多, 自带了 server 功能,不推荐.

  • Why eval the output of ssh-agent?