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Elasticsearch(elk) technology and practice

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Elasticsearch is a search engine based on the Lucene library. It provides a distributed, multitenant-capable full-text search engine with an HTTP web interface and schema-free JSON documents. Elasticsearch is developed in Java. This blog is record what I learn from this geek Course

The recommendation for learning Elasticsearch.

Getting started with elasticsearch

This course github https://github.com/geektime-geekbang/geektime-ELK
Elasticsearch https://www.elastic.co/

Install elasticsearch

Install can refer offical docs

From version 7.0, don’t need install java by yourself.

directory Vaconfig filelue description
bin execution file
config elasticsearch.yml es cluster config
JDK Java env
data path.data es data file
lib Java lib
logs path.log log file
modules including all es modules
plugins including all installed plugins 
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# adjust JVM - config/jvm.options
default is 1GB

Config recommendation

  1. Xms equal to Xmx
  2. Xmx don’t larger than 50% of memory
  3. Xmx no larger than 30GB can refer https://www.elastic.co/blog/a-heap-of-trouble

plugins

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#启动单节点 start single nodes
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node0 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.data=node0_data

bin/elasticsearch-plugin list
bin/elasticsearch-plugin install analysis-icu

#start kibana
bin/kibana

bin/kibana-plugin install plugin_location
bin/kibana-plugin list
bin/kibana-plugin remove

# dev tools in kibana
#查看安装的插件 check installed plugins
GET http://localhost:9200/_cat/plugins?v
#查看集群 check cluster 
GET http://localhost:9200
#查看nodes check nodes
GET _cat/nodes
GET _cluster/health

Run multiple nodes in the same machine

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bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node0 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.dat= node0_data -d
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node1 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.dat= node1_data -d
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node2 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.dat= node2_data -d
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node3 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.dat= node3_data -d

docker

Use docker-compose start cerebro kibana and 2 elasticsearch

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version: '2.2'
services:
  cerebro:
    image: lmenezes/cerebro:0.8.5
    container_name: cerebro
    ports:
      - "9000:9000"
    command:
      - -Dhosts.0.host=http://elasticsearch:9200
    networks:
      - es7net
  kibana:
    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.1.0
    container_name: kibana7
    environment:
      - I18N_LOCALE=zh-CN
      - XPACK_GRAPH_ENABLED=true
      - TIMELION_ENABLED=true
      - XPACK_MONITORING_COLLECTION_ENABLED="true"
    ports:
      - "5601:5601"
    networks:
      - es7net
  elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.1.0
    container_name: es7_01
    environment:
      - cluster.name=geektime
      - node.name=es7_01
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es7_01,es7_02
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es7_01,es7_02
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    volumes:
      - es7data1:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
    networks:
      - es7net
  elasticsearch2:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.1.0
    container_name: es7_02
    environment:
      - cluster.name=geektime
      - node.name=es7_02
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
      - discovery.seed_hosts=es7_01,es7_02
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=es7_01,es7_02
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    volumes:
      - es7data2:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    networks:
      - es7net

volumes:
  es7data1:
    driver: local
  es7data2:
    driver: local

networks:
  es7net:
    driver: bridge

logstash

Make sure all the version is the same for elasticsearch logstash and kibana
Now the latest version is 7.6, because this course use 7.1, https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases/logstash-7-1-0

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# download logstash，（7.1.0）in mac you need also install JAVA
# cd movielens, modify logstash.conf config
# modify your path of movies.csv
input {
  file {
    path => "YOUR_FULL_PATH_OF_movies.csv"
    start_position => "beginning"
    sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
  }
}


# First start Elasticsearch cluster，then start logstash 
sudo ./bin/logstash -f /YOUR_PATH_of_logstash.conf

Elasticsearch basic

Document is the smallest unit of elasticsearch. Document will transform to json and store in es. Every document has unique ID.

  • Mutiple Tyeps https://www.elastic.co/cn/blog/moving-from-types-to-typeless-apis-in-elasticsearch-7-0
  • CAT Index API https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/cat-indices.html
    Index 相关 API
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    #查看索引相关信息 check index info
    GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce

    #查看索引的文档总数 check index count
    GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_count

    #查看前10条文档，了解文档格式 check first 10 index 
    POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
    {
    }

    #_cat indices API
    #查看indices 
    GET /_cat/indices/kibana*?v&s=index

    #查看状态为绿的索引 
    GET /_cat/indices?v&health=green

    #按照文档个数排序
    GET /_cat/indices?v&s=docs.count:desc

    #查看具体的字段
    GET /_cat/indices/kibana*?pri&v&h=health,index,pri,rep,docs.count,mt

    #How much memory is used per index?
    GET /_cat/indices?v&h=i,tm&s=tm:desc

Node & Shard

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-node.html

  1. Master-eligible node: A node that has node.master set to true (default), which makes it eligible to be elected as the master node, which controls the cluster.
  2. Data node: A node that has node.data set to true (default). Data nodes hold data and perform data related operations such as CRUD, search, and aggregations.
  3. Ingest node: A node that has node.ingest set to true (default). Ingest nodes are able to apply an ingest pipeline to a document in order to transform and enrich the document before indexing. With a heavy ingest load, it makes sense to use dedicated ingest nodes and to mark the master and data nodes as node.ingest: false.
  4. Machine learning node: A node that has xpack.ml.enabled and node.ml set to true, which is the default behavior in the Elasticsearch default distribution. If you want to use machine learning features, there must be at least one machine learning node in your cluster. For more information about machine learning features, see Machine learning in the Elastic Stack.

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/glossary.html

  1. primary shard: Each document is stored in a single primary shard. When you index a document, it is indexed first on the primary shard, then on all replicas of the primary shard. By default, an index has one primary shard. You can specify more primary shards to scale the number of documents that your index can handle. You cannot change the number of primary shards in an index, once the index is created. However, an index can be split into a new index using the split API. See also routing
  2. replica shard: Each primary shard can have zero or more replicas. A replica is a copy of the primary shard, and has two purposes:
  • increase failover: a replica shard can be promoted to a primary shard if the primary fails
  • increase performance: get and search requests can be handled by primary or replica shards.

By default, each primary shard has one replica, but the number of replicas can be changed dynamically on an existing index. A replica shard will never be started on the same node as its primary shard.

cluster-health

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/cluster-health.html

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get _cat/nodes?v
GET /_nodes/es7_01,es7_02
GET /_cat/nodes?v
GET /_cat/nodes?v&h=id,ip,port,v,m

GET _cluster/health
GET _cluster/health?level=shards
GET /_cluster/health/kibana_sample_data_ecommerce,kibana_sample_data_flights
GET /_cluster/health/kibana_sample_data_flights?level=shards

#### cluster state
The cluster state API allows access to metadata representing the state of the whole cluster. This includes information such as
GET /_cluster/state

#cluster get settings
GET /_cluster/settings
GET /_cluster/settings?include_defaults=true

GET _cat/shards
GET _cat/shards?h=index,shard,prirep,state,unassigned.reason

CRUD

  • Document API https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs.html
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    ############Create Document############
    #create document. 自动生成 _id
    POST users/_doc
    {
    	"user" : "Mike",
        "post_date" : "2019-04-15T14:12:12",
        "message" : "trying out Kibana"
    }

    #create document. 指定Id。如果id已经存在，报错
    PUT users/_doc/1?op_type=create
    {
        "user" : "Jack",
        "post_date" : "2019-05-15T14:12:12",
        "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
    }

    #create document. 指定 ID 如果已经存在，就报错
    PUT users/_create/1
    {
         "user" : "Jack",
        "post_date" : "2019-05-15T14:12:12",
        "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
    }

    ### Get Document by ID
    #Get the document by ID
    GET users/_doc/1

    ###  Index & Update
    #Update 指定 ID  (先删除，在写入)
    GET users/_doc/1

    PUT users/_doc/1
    {
    	"user" : "Mike"

    }


    #GET users/_doc/1
    #在原文档上增加字段
    POST users/_update/1/
    {
        "doc":{
            "post_date" : "2019-05-15T14:12:12",
            "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
        }
    }

    ### Delete by Id
    # 删除文档
    DELETE users/_doc/1

    ### Bulk 操作
    #执行两次，查看每次的结果

    #执行第1次
    POST _bulk
    { "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "1" } }
    { "field1" : "value1" }
    { "delete" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "2" } }
    { "create" : { "_index" : "test2", "_id" : "3" } }
    { "field1" : "value3" }
    { "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_index" : "test"} }
    { "doc" : {"field2" : "value2"} }


    #执行第2次
    POST _bulk
    { "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "1" } }
    { "field1" : "value1" }
    { "delete" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "2" } }
    { "create" : { "_index" : "test2", "_id" : "3" } }
    { "field1" : "value3" }
    { "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_index" : "test"} }
    { "doc" : {"field2" : "value2"} }

    ### mget 操作
    GET /_mget
    {
        "docs" : [
            {
                "_index" : "test",
                "_id" : "1"
            },
            {
                "_index" : "test",
                "_id" : "2"
            }
        ]
    }


    #URI中指定index
    GET /test/_mget
    {
        "docs" : [
            {

                "_id" : "1"
            },
            {

                "_id" : "2"
            }
        ]
    }


    GET /_mget
    {
        "docs" : [
            {
                "_index" : "test",
                "_id" : "1",
                "_source" : false
            },
            {
                "_index" : "test",
                "_id" : "2",
                "_source" : ["field3", "field4"]
            },
            {
                "_index" : "test",
                "_id" : "3",
                "_source" : {
                    "include": ["user"],
                    "exclude": ["user.location"]
                }
            }
        ]
    }

    ### msearch 操作
    POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_msearch
    {}
    {"query" : {"match_all" : {}},"size":1}
    {"index" : "kibana_sample_data_flights"}
    {"query" : {"match_all" : {}},"size":2}


    ### 清除测试数据
    #清除数据 delete data
    DELETE users
    DELETE test
    DELETE test2

inverted-index

Demo

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POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "Mastering Elasticsearch"
}

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "Elasticsearch Server"
}

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "Elasticsearch Essentials"
}

analyzer

Demo for practice

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#Simple Analyzer – 按照非字母切分（符号被过滤），小写处理
#Stop Analyzer – 小写处理，停用词过滤（the，a，is）
#Whitespace Analyzer – 按照空格切分，不转小写
#Keyword Analyzer – 不分词，直接将输入当作输出
#Patter Analyzer – 正则表达式，默认 \W+ (非字符分隔)
#Language – 提供了30多种常见语言的分词器
#2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening

#查看不同的analyzer的效果
#standard
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#simpe
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "simple",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}


GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "stop",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}


#stop
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "whitespace",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#keyword
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "keyword",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "pattern",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}


#english
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "english",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}


POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "icu_analyzer",
  "text": "他说的确实在理”"
}


POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "他说的确实在理”"
}


POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "icu_analyzer",
  "text": "这个苹果不大好吃"
}

Grammer search range
/_search all index in cluster
/index1/_search only index1
/index,index2/_search index1 and index2
/index*/_search regex index* 
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#URI Query
GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search?q=customer_first_name:Eddie
GET kibana*/_search?q=customer_first_name:Eddie
GET /_all/_search?q=customer_first_name:Eddie


#REQUEST Body
POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
	"profile": true,
	"query": {
		"match_all": {}
	}
}

fields function
q query string syntax
df default field
sort sort by xx
from size for page
profile check the query process
A B A OR B
“A B” A AND B
title:(A AND B) title=”A AND B” 
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#基本查询
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s

#带profile
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title
{
	"profile":"true"
}


#泛查询，正对_all,所有字段
GET /movies/_search?q=2012
{
	"profile":"true"
}

#指定字段
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
{
	"profile":"true"
}


# 查找美丽心灵, Mind为泛查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:Beautiful Mind
{
	"profile":"true"
}

# 泛查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012
{
	"profile":"true"
}

#使用引号，Phrase查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Beautiful Mind"
{
	"profile":"true"
}

#分组，Bool查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful Mind)
{
	"profile":"true"
}


#布尔操作符
# 查找美丽心灵
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful AND Mind)
{
	"profile":"true"
}

# 查找美丽心灵
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful NOT Mind)
{
	"profile":"true"
}

# 查找美丽心灵
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful %2BMind)
{
	"profile":"true"
}


#范围查询 ,区间写法
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautiful AND year:[2002 TO 2018%7D
{
	"profile":"true"
}


#通配符查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:b*
{
	"profile":"true"
}

//模糊匹配&近似度匹配
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautifl~1
{
	"profile":"true"
}

GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Lord Rings"~2
{
	"profile":"true"
}

Request Body

  • https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-uri-request.html
  • https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-search.html
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    #ignore_unavailable=true，可以忽略尝试访问不存在的索引“404_idx”导致的报错
    #查询movies分页
    POST /movies,404_idx/_search?ignore_unavailable=true
    {
      "profile": true,
    	"query": {
    		"match_all": {}
    	}
    }

    POST /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
    {
      "from":10,
      "size":20,
      "query":{
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }


    #对日期排序
    POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
    {
      "sort":[{"order_date":"desc"}],
      "query":{
        "match_all": {}
      }

    }

    #source filtering
    POST kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
    {
      "_source":["order_date"],
      "query":{
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }


    #脚本字段 painless script
    GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
    {
      "script_fields": {
        "new_field": {
          "script": {
            "lang": "painless",
            "source": "doc['order_date'].value+'hello'"
          }
        }
      },
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }


    POST movies/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "title": "last christmas"
        }
      }
    }

    POST movies/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "title": {
            "query": "last christmas",
            "operator": "and"
          }
        }
      }
    }

    POST movies/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
          "title":{
            "query": "one love"

          }
        }
      }
    }

    # slop can increase search area
    POST movies/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
          "title":{
            "query": "one love",
            "slop": 1

          }
        }
      }
    }

Simple Query String

  • Not support AND OR NOT, will transform thses to string
  • Support + for AND, | for OR, - for NOT
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PUT /users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"Ruan Yiming",
  "about":"java, golang, node, swift, elasticsearch"
}

PUT /users/_doc/2
{
  "name":"Li Yiming",
  "about":"Hadoop"
}


POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "default_field": "name",
      "query": "Ruan AND Yiming"
    }
  }
}

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "fields":["name","about"],
      "query": "(Ruan AND Yiming) OR (Java AND Elasticsearch)"
    }
  }
}


#Simple Query 默认的operator是 Or
POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "Ruan AND Yiming",
      "fields": ["name"]
    }
  }
}


POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "Ruan Yiming",
      "fields": ["name"],
      "default_operator": "AND"
    }
  }
}

GET /movies/_search
{
	"profile": true,
	"query":{
		"query_string":{
			"default_field": "title",
			"query": "Beafiful AND Mind"
		}
	}
}


# 多fields
GET /movies/_search
{
	"profile": true,
	"query":{
		"query_string":{
			"fields":[
				"title",
				"year"
			],
			"query": "2012"
		}
	}
}

GET /movies/_search
{
	"profile":true,
	"query":{
		"simple_query_string":{
			"query":"Beautiful +mind",
			"fields":["title"]
		}
	}
}

Dynamic Mapping

true false strict
document can be index YES YES NO
fields can be index YES NO NO
mapping can be update YES NO NO 
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#写入文档，查看 Mapping
PUT mapping_test/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Chan",
  "lastName": "Jackie",
  "loginDate":"2018-07-24T10:29:48.103Z"
}

#查看 Mapping文件
GET mapping_test/_mapping

#Delete index
DELETE mapping_test

#dynamic mapping，推断字段的类型
PUT mapping_test/_doc/1
{
    "uid" : "123",
    "isVip" : false,
    "isAdmin": "true",
    "age":19,
    "heigh":180
}

#查看 Dynamic
GET mapping_test/_mapping

#默认Mapping支持dynamic，写入的文档中加入新的字段
PUT dynamic_mapping_test/_doc/1
{
  "newField":"someValue"
}

#该字段可以被搜索，数据也在_source中出现
POST dynamic_mapping_test/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match":{
      "newField":"someValue"
    }
  }
}


#修改为dynamic false
PUT dynamic_mapping_test/_mapping
{
  "dynamic": false
}

#新增 anotherField
PUT dynamic_mapping_test/_doc/10
{
  "anotherField":"someValue"
}

#该字段不可以被搜索，因为dynamic已经被设置为false
POST dynamic_mapping_test/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match":{
      "anotherField":"someValue"
    }
  }
}

get dynamic_mapping_test/_doc/10

#修改为strict
PUT dynamic_mapping_test/_mapping
{
  "dynamic": "strict"
}

#写入数据出错，HTTP Code 400
PUT dynamic_mapping_test/_doc/12
{
  "lastField":"value"
}

DELETE dynamic_mapping_test

Mapping Setting

Index Option Record Type
docs doc id
freqs doc id, term frequencies
positions doc id, term frequencies, term position
offsets doc id, term frequencies, term position, character offects 
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#设置 index 为 false
DELETE users
PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming",
  "mobile": "12345678"
}

POST /users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "mobile":"12345678"
    }
  }
}

#设定Null_value

DELETE users
PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "null_value": "NULL"
        }

      }
    }
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming",
  "mobile": null
}


PUT users/_doc/2
{
  "firstName":"Ruan2",
  "lastName": "Yiming2"

}

GET users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "mobile":"NULL"
    }
  }

}

#设置 Copy to
DELETE users
PUT users
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "firstName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      },
      "lastName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      }
    }
  }
}
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming"
}

GET users/_search?q=fullName:(Ruan Yiming)

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
       "fullName":{
        "query": "Ruan Yiming",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

#数组类型
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"onebird",
  "interests":"reading"
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"twobirds",
  "interests":["reading","music"]
}

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
		"match_all": {}
	}
}

GET users/_mapping

Analyzer

  • character filters: HTML strip, Mapping, Pattern replace
  • tokenizer: whitespace / standard / uax_url_email / pattern / keyword / path hierarchy
  • token filter: Lowercase / stop / synonym
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PUT logs/_doc/1
{"level":"DEBUG"}

GET /logs/_mapping

POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer":"keyword",
  "char_filter":["html_strip"],
  "text": "<b>hello world</b>"
}

POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer":"path_hierarchy",
  "text":"/user/ymruan/a/b/c/d/e"
}

#使用char filter进行替换
POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "standard",
  "char_filter": [
      {
        "type" : "mapping",
        "mappings" : [ "- => _"]
      }
    ],
  "text": "123-456, I-test! test-990 650-555-1234"
}

//char filter 替换表情符号
POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "standard",
  "char_filter": [
      {
        "type" : "mapping",
        "mappings" : [ ":) => happy", ":( => sad"]
      }
    ],
    "text": ["I am felling :)", "Feeling :( today"]
}

// white space and snowball
GET _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "whitespace",
  "filter": ["stop","snowball"],
  "text": ["The gilrs in China are playing this game!"]
}


// whitespace与stop
GET _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "whitespace",
  "filter": ["stop","snowball"],
  "text": ["The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain."]
}


//remove 加入lowercase后，The被当成 stopword删除
GET _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "whitespace",
  "filter": ["lowercase","stop","snowball"],
  "text": ["The gilrs in China are playing this game!"]
}

//正则表达式
GET _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "standard",
  "char_filter": [
      {
        "type" : "pattern_replace",
        "pattern" : "http://(.*)",
        "replacement" : "$1"
      }
    ],
    "text" : "http://www.elastic.co"
}

Dynamic Template

  • Index Templates https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-templates.html
  • Dynamic Template https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/dynamic-mapping.html
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    #数字字符串被映射成text，日期字符串被映射成日期
    PUT ttemplate/_doc/1
    {
    	"someNumber":"1",
    	"someDate":"2019/01/01"
    }
    GET ttemplate/_mapping


    #Create a default template
    PUT _template/template_default
    {
      "index_patterns": ["*"],
      "order" : 0,
      "version": 1,
      "settings": {
        "number_of_shards": 1,
        "number_of_replicas":1
      }
    }


    PUT /_template/template_test
    {
        "index_patterns" : ["test*"],
        "order" : 1,
        "settings" : {
        	"number_of_shards": 1,
            "number_of_replicas" : 2
        },
        "mappings" : {
        	"date_detection": false,
        	"numeric_detection": true
        }
    }

    #查看template信息
    GET /_template/template_default
    GET /_template/temp*


    #写入新的数据，index以test开头
    PUT testtemplate/_doc/1
    {
    	"someNumber":"1",
    	"someDate":"2019/01/01"
    }
    GET testtemplate/_mapping
    get testtemplate/_settings

    PUT testmy
    {
    	"settings":{
    		"number_of_replicas":5
    	}
    }

    put testmy/_doc/1
    {
      "key":"value"
    }

    get testmy/_settings
    DELETE testmy
    DELETE /_template/template_default
    DELETE /_template/template_test



    #Dynaminc Mapping 根据类型和字段名
    DELETE my_index

    PUT my_index/_doc/1
    {
      "firstName":"Ruan",
      "isVIP":"true"
    }

    GET my_index/_mapping
    DELETE my_index
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "dynamic_templates": [
                {
            "strings_as_boolean": {
              "match_mapping_type":   "string",
              "match":"is*",
              "mapping": {
                "type": "boolean"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "strings_as_keywords": {
              "match_mapping_type":   "string",
              "mapping": {
                "type": "keyword"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }


    DELETE my_index
    #结合路径
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "dynamic_templates": [
          {
            "full_name": {
              "path_match":   "name.*",
              "path_unmatch": "*.middle",
              "mapping": {
                "type":       "text",
                "copy_to":    "full_name"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }


    PUT my_index/_doc/1
    {
      "name": {
        "first":  "John",
        "middle": "Winston",
        "last":   "Lennon"
      }
    }

    GET my_index/_search?q=full_name:John

aggregations

  1. Bucket Aggregation: A family of aggregations that build buckets, where each bucket is associated with a key and a document criterion. When the aggregation is executed, all the buckets criteria are evaluated on every document in the context and when a criterion matches, the document is considered to “fall in” the relevant bucket. By the end of the aggregation process, we’ll end up with a list of buckets - each one with a set of documents that “belong” to it.
  2. Metric Aggregation: Aggregations that keep track and compute metrics over a set of documents.
  3. Pipeline Aggregation: Aggregations that aggregate the output of other aggregations and their associated metrics
  4. Matrix Aggregation: A family of aggregations that operate on multiple fields and produce a matrix result based on the values extracted from the requested document fields. Unlike metric and bucket aggregations, this aggregation family does not yet support scripting.
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#按照目的地进行分桶统计
GET kibana_sample_data_flights/_search
{
	"size": 0,
	"aggs":{
		"flight_dest":{
			"terms":{
				"field":"DestCountry"
			}
		}
	}
}

#查看航班目的地的统计信息，增加平均，最高最低价格
GET kibana_sample_data_flights/_search
{
	"size": 0,
	"aggs":{
		"flight_dest":{
			"terms":{
				"field":"DestCountry"
			},
			"aggs":{
				"avg_price":{
					"avg":{
						"field":"AvgTicketPrice"
					}
				},
				"max_price":{
					"max":{
						"field":"AvgTicketPrice"
					}
				},
				"min_price":{
					"min":{
						"field":"AvgTicketPrice"
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

#价格统计信息+天气信息
GET kibana_sample_data_flights/_search
{
	"size": 0,
	"aggs":{
		"flight_dest":{
			"terms":{
				"field":"DestCountry"
			},
			"aggs":{
				"stats_price":{
					"stats":{
						"field":"AvgTicketPrice"
					}
				},
				"wather":{
				  "terms": {
				    "field": "DestWeather",
				    "size": 5
				  }
				}

			}
		}
	}
}

3 chapter

term query & full query

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DELETE products
PUT products
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1
  }
}

POST /products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3","desc":"iPhone" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5","desc":"iPad" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7","desc":"MBP" }

GET /products

POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "desc": {
        //"value": "iPhone"
        "value":"iphone"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "desc.keyword": {
        //"value": "iPhone"
        //"value":"iphone"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "productID": {
        "value": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /products/_search
{
  //"explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "productID.keyword": {
        "value": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /products/_search
{
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "productID.keyword": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
        }
      }

    }
  }
}

#设置 position_increment_gap
DELETE groups
PUT groups
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "names":{
        "type": "text",
        "position_increment_gap": 0
      }
    }
  }
}

GET groups/_mapping

POST groups/_doc
{
  "names": [ "John Water", "Water Smith"]
}

POST groups/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "names": {
        "query": "Water Water",
        "slop": 100
      }
    }
  }
}

POST groups/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "names": "Water Smith"
    }
  }
}
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#结构化搜索，精确匹配
DELETE products
POST /products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "price" : 10,"avaliable":true,"date":"2018-01-01", "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "price" : 20,"avaliable":true,"date":"2019-01-01", "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "price" : 30,"avaliable":true, "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" }
{ "index": { "_id": 4 }}
{ "price" : 30,"avaliable":false, "productID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8" }

GET products/_mapping



#对布尔值 match 查询，有算分
POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "avaliable": true
    }
  }
}



#对布尔值，通过constant score 转成 filtering，没有算分
POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "avaliable": true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


#数字类型 Term
POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "price": 30
    }
  }
}

#数字类型 terms
POST products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "terms": {
          "price": [
            "20",
            "30"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

#数字 Range 查询
GET products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : {
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "price" : {
                        "gte" : 20,
                        "lte"  : 30
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


# 日期 range
POST products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : {
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "date" : {
                      "gte" : "now-1y"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}



#exists查询
POST products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "exists": {
          "field": "date"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

#处理多值字段
POST /movies/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "title" : "Father of the Bridge Part II","year":1995, "genre":"Comedy"}
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "title" : "Dave","year":1993,"genre":["Comedy","Romance"] }


#处理多值字段，term 查询是包含，而不是等于
POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "genre.keyword": "Comedy"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


#字符类型 terms
POST products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "terms": {
          "productID.keyword": [
            "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
            "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}



POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "price": 30
    }
  }
}


POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "date": "2019-01-01"
    }
  }
}

POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "date": "2019-01-01"
    }
  }
}




POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "productID.keyword": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "productID.keyword": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
    }
  }
}

#对布尔数值
POST products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "term": {
          "avaliable": "false"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

POST products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "avaliable": {
        "value": "false"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "price": {
        "value": "20"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST products/_search
{
  "profile": "true",
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "price": "20"
    }
    }
  }
}


POST products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "constant_score": {
      "filter": {
        "bool": {
          "must_not": {
            "exists": {
              "field": "date"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

relevance

  • TP = term frequency
  • IDF = inverse document frequency
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PUT testscore
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "content": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}


PUT testscore/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "content":"we use Elasticsearch to power the search" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "content":"we like elasticsearch" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "content":"The scoring of documents is caculated by the scoring formula" }
{ "index": { "_id": 4 }}
{ "content":"you know, for search" }


POST /testscore/_search
{
  //"explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "content":"you"
      //"content": "elasticsearch"
      //"content":"the"
      //"content": "the elasticsearch"
    }
  }
}

POST testscore/_search
{
    "query": {
        "boosting" : {
            "positive" : {
                "term" : {
                    "content" : "elasticsearch"
                }
            },
            "negative" : {
                 "term" : {
                     "content" : "like"
                }
            },
            "negative_boost" : 0.2
        }
    }
}

POST tmdb/_search
{
  "_source": ["title","overview"],
  "query": {
    "more_like_this": {
      "fields": [
        "title^10","overview"
      ],
      "like": [{"_id":"14191"}],
      "min_term_freq": 1,
      "max_query_terms": 12
    }
  }
}

Query&Filtering

Demo

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POST /products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "price" : 10,"avaliable":true,"date":"2018-01-01", "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "price" : 20,"avaliable":true,"date":"2019-01-01", "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "price" : 30,"avaliable":true, "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" }
{ "index": { "_id": 4 }}
{ "price" : 30,"avaliable":false, "productID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8" }



#基本语法
POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool" : {
      "must" : {
        "term" : { "price" : "30" }
      },
      "filter": {
        "term" : { "avaliable" : "true" }
      },
      "must_not" : {
        "range" : {
          "price" : { "lte" : 10 }
        }
      },
      "should" : [
        { "term" : { "productID.keyword" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" } },
        { "term" : { "productID.keyword" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" } }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match" :1
    }
  }
}

#改变数据模型，增加字段。解决数组包含而不是精确匹配的问题
POST /newmovies/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "title" : "Father of the Bridge Part II","year":1995, "genre":"Comedy","genre_count":1 }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "title" : "Dave","year":1993,"genre":["Comedy","Romance"],"genre_count":2 }

#must，有算分
POST /newmovies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {"genre.keyword": {"value": "Comedy"}}},
        {"term": {"genre_count": {"value": 1}}}

      ]
    }
  }
}

#Filter。不参与算分，结果的score是0
POST /newmovies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {"term": {"genre.keyword": {"value": "Comedy"}}},
        {"term": {"genre_count": {"value": 1}}}
        ]

    }
  }
}


#Filtering Context
POST _search
{
  "query": {
    "bool" : {

      "filter": {
        "term" : { "avaliable" : "true" }
      },
      "must_not" : {
        "range" : {
          "price" : { "lte" : 10 }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


#Query Context
POST /products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "price" : 10,"avaliable":true,"date":"2018-01-01", "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "price" : 20,"avaliable":true,"date":"2019-01-01", "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "price" : 30,"avaliable":true, "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" }
{ "index": { "_id": 4 }}
{ "price" : 30,"avaliable":false, "productID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8" }


POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "productID.keyword": {
              "value": "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}}
        },
        {"term": {"avaliable": {"value": true}}
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}


#嵌套，实现了 should not 逻辑
POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": {
        "term": {
          "price": "30"
        }
      },
      "should": [
        {
          "bool": {
            "must_not": {
              "term": {
                "avaliable": "false"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 1
    }
  }
}


#Controll the Precision
POST _search
{
  "query": {
    "bool" : {
      "must" : {
        "term" : { "price" : "30" }
      },
      "filter": {
        "term" : { "avaliable" : "true" }
      },
      "must_not" : {
        "range" : {
          "price" : { "lte" : 10 }
        }
      },
      "should" : [
        { "term" : { "productID.keyword" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" } },
        { "term" : { "productID.keyword" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" } }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match" :2
    }
  }
}



POST /animals/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "term": { "text": "brown" }},
        { "term": { "text": "red" }},
        { "term": { "text": "quick"   }},
        { "term": { "text": "dog"   }}
      ]
    }
  }
}

POST /animals/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "term": { "text": "quick" }},
        { "term": { "text": "dog"   }},
        {
          "bool":{
            "should":[
               { "term": { "text": "brown" }},
                 { "term": { "text": "brown" }},
            ]
          }

        }
      ]
    }
  }
}


DELETE blogs
POST /blogs/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{"title":"Apple iPad", "content":"Apple iPad,Apple iPad" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{"title":"Apple iPad,Apple iPad", "content":"Apple iPad" }


POST blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {"match": {
          "title": {
            "query": "apple,ipad",
            "boost": 1.1
          }
        }},

        {"match": {
          "content": {
            "query": "apple,ipad",
            "boost":
          }
        }}
      ]
    }
  }
}

DELETE news
POST /news/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "content":"Apple Mac" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "content":"Apple iPad" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "content":"Apple employee like Apple Pie and Apple Juice" }


POST news/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": {
        "match":{"content":"apple"}
      }
    }
  }
}

POST news/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": {
        "match":{"content":"apple"}
      },
      "must_not": {
        "match":{"content":"pie"}
      }
    }
  }
}

POST news/_search
{
  "query": {
    "boosting": {
      "positive": {
        "match": {
          "content": "apple"
        }
      },
      "negative": {
        "match": {
          "content": "pie"
        }
      },
      "negative_boost": 0.5
    }
  }
}

Disjunction max query

Demo

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PUT /blogs/_doc/1
{
    "title": "Quick brown rabbits",
    "body":  "Brown rabbits are commonly seen."
}

PUT /blogs/_doc/2
{
    "title": "Keeping pets healthy",
    "body":  "My quick brown fox eats rabbits on a regular basis."
}

POST /blogs/_search
{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "should": [
                { "match": { "title": "Brown fox" }},
                { "match": { "body":  "Brown fox" }}
            ]
        }
    }
}

POST blogs/_search
{
    "query": {
        "dis_max": {
            "queries": [
                { "match": { "title": "Quick pets" }},
                { "match": { "body":  "Quick pets" }}
            ]
        }
    }
}


POST blogs/_search
{
    "query": {
        "dis_max": {
            "queries": [
                { "match": { "title": "Quick pets" }},
                { "match": { "body":  "Quick pets" }}
            ],
            "tie_breaker": 0.2
        }
    }
}

  • https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-dis-max-query.html

  • Best Fields

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    POST blogs/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "dis_max": {
                "queries": [
                    { "match": { "title": "Quick pets" }},
                    { "match": { "body":  "Quick pets" }}
                ],
                "tie_breaker": 0.2
            }
        }
    }

    POST blogs/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "type": "best_fields",
          "query": "Quick pets",
          "fields": ["title","body"],
          "tie_breaker": 0.2,
          "minimum_should_match": "20%"
        }
      }
    }



    POST books/_search
    {
        "multi_match": {
            "query":  "Quick brown fox",
            "fields": "*_title"
        }
    }


    POST books/_search
    {
        "multi_match": {
            "query":  "Quick brown fox",
            "fields": [ "*_title", "chapter_title^2" ]
        }
    }



    DELETE /titles
    PUT /titles
    {
        "settings": { "number_of_shards": 1 },
        "mappings": {
            "my_type": {
                "properties": {
                    "title": {
                        "type":     "string",
                        "analyzer": "english",
                        "fields": {
                            "std":   {
                                "type":     "string",
                                "analyzer": "standard"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    PUT /titles
    {
      "mappings": {
        "properties": {
          "title": {
            "type": "text",
            "analyzer": "english"
          }
        }
      }
    }

    POST titles/_bulk
    { "index": { "_id": 1 }}
    { "title": "My dog barks" }
    { "index": { "_id": 2 }}
    { "title": "I see a lot of barking dogs on the road " }


    GET titles/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "title": "barking dogs"
        }
      }
    }

    DELETE /titles
    PUT /titles
    {
      "mappings": {
        "properties": {
          "title": {
            "type": "text",
            "analyzer": "english",
            "fields": {"std": {"type": "text","analyzer": "standard"}}
          }
        }
      }
    }

    POST titles/_bulk
    { "index": { "_id": 1 }}
    { "title": "My dog barks" }
    { "index": { "_id": 2 }}
    { "title": "I see a lot of barking dogs on the road " }

    GET /titles/_search
    {
       "query": {
            "multi_match": {
                "query":  "barking dogs",
                "type":   "most_fields",
                "fields": [ "title", "title.std" ]
            }
        }
    }

    GET /titles/_search
    {
       "query": {
            "multi_match": {
                "query":  "barking dogs",
                "type":   "most_fields",
                "fields": [ "title^10", "title.std" ]
            }
        }
    }

multi-language

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#stop word

DELETE my_index
PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{ "title": "I'm happy for this fox" }

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{ "title": "I'm not happy about my fox problem" }

POST my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "not happy fox"
    }
  }
}

#虽然通过使用 english （英语）分析器，使得匹配规则更加宽松，我们也因此提高了召回率，但却降低了精准匹配文档的能力。为了获得两方面的优势，我们可以使用multifields（多字段）对 title 字段建立两次索引： 一次使用 `english`（英语）分析器，另一次使用 `standard`（标准）分析器:

DELETE my_index

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "blog": {
      "properties": {
        "title": {
          "type": "string",
          "analyzer": "english"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "blog": {
      "properties": {
        "title": {
          "type": "string",
          "fields": {
            "english": {
              "type":     "string",
              "analyzer": "english"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/blog/1
{ "title": "I'm happy for this fox" }

PUT /my_index/blog/2
{ "title": "I'm not happy about my fox problem" }

GET /_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "type":     "most_fields",
      "query":    "not happy foxes",
      "fields": [ "title", "title.english" ]
    }
  }
}


#安装插件
./elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v7.1.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.1.0.zip
#安装插件
bin/elasticsearch install https://github.com/KennFalcon/elasticsearch-analysis-hanlp/releases/download/v7.1.0/elasticsearch-analysis-hanlp-7.1.0.zip




#ik_max_word
#ik_smart
#hanlp: hanlp默认分词
#hanlp_standard: 标准分词
#hanlp_index: 索引分词
#hanlp_nlp: NLP分词
#hanlp_n_short: N-最短路分词
#hanlp_dijkstra: 最短路分词
#hanlp_crf: CRF分词（在hanlp 1.6.6已开始废弃）
#hanlp_speed: 极速词典分词

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "hanlp_standard",
  "text": ["剑桥分析公司多位高管对卧底记者说，他们确保了唐纳德·特朗普在总统大选中获胜"]

}     

#Pinyin
PUT /artists/
{
    "settings" : {
        "analysis" : {
            "analyzer" : {
                "user_name_analyzer" : {
                    "tokenizer" : "whitespace",
                    "filter" : "pinyin_first_letter_and_full_pinyin_filter"
                }
            },
            "filter" : {
                "pinyin_first_letter_and_full_pinyin_filter" : {
                    "type" : "pinyin",
                    "keep_first_letter" : true,
                    "keep_full_pinyin" : false,
                    "keep_none_chinese" : true,
                    "keep_original" : false,
                    "limit_first_letter_length" : 16,
                    "lowercase" : true,
                    "trim_whitespace" : true,
                    "keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter" : true
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

GET /artists/_analyze
{
  "text": ["刘德华 张学友 郭富城 黎明 四大天王"],
  "analyzer": "user_name_analyzer"
}

tmdb practice

Prequest

  • Python 2.7.15
  • request
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cd tmdb-search
pip install -r requirements.txt
Run python ./ingest_tmdb_from_file.py

Demo

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POST tmdb/_search
{
"_source": ["title","overview"],
 "query": {
   "match_all": {}
 }
}

POST tmdb/_search
{
  "_source": ["title","overview"],
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "basketball with cartoon aliens",
      "fields": ["title","overview"]
    }
  },
  "highlight" : {
        "fields" : {
            "overview" : { "pre_tags" : ["\\033[0;32;40m"], "post_tags" : ["\\033[0m"] },
            "title" : { "pre_tags" : ["\\033[0;32;40m"], "post_tags" : ["\\033[0m"] }

        }
    }
}

Search Template & Index Alias

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POST _scripts/tmdb
{
  "script": {
    "lang": "mustache",
    "source": {
      "_source": [
        "title","overview"
      ],
      "size": 20,
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "query": "{{q}}",
          "fields": ["title","overview"]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
DELETE _scripts/tmdb

GET _scripts/tmdb

POST tmdb/_search/template
{
    "id":"tmdb",
    "params": {
        "q": "basketball with cartoon aliens"
    }
}


PUT movies-2019/_doc/1
{
  "name":"the matrix",
  "rating":5
}

PUT movies-2019/_doc/2
{
  "name":"Speed",
  "rating":3
}

POST _aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "movies-2019",
        "alias": "movies-latest"
      }
    }
  ]
}

POST movies-latest/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

POST _aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "movies-2019",
        "alias": "movies-lastest-highrate",
        "filter": {
          "range": {
            "rating": {
              "gte": 4
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

POST movies-lastest-highrate/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

Function Score Query

Demo

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DELETE blogs
PUT /blogs/_doc/1
{
  "title":   "About popularity",
  "content": "In this post we will talk about...",
  "votes":   0
}

PUT /blogs/_doc/2
{
  "title":   "About popularity",
  "content": "In this post we will talk about...",
  "votes":   100
}

PUT /blogs/_doc/3
{
  "title":   "About popularity",
  "content": "In this post we will talk about...",
  "votes":   1000000
}


POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "function_score": {
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "query":    "popularity",
          "fields": [ "title", "content" ]
        }
      },
      "field_value_factor": {
        "field": "votes"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "function_score": {
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "query":    "popularity",
          "fields": [ "title", "content" ]
        }
      },
      "field_value_factor": {
        "field": "votes",
        "modifier": "log1p"
      }
    }
  }
}


POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "function_score": {
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "query":    "popularity",
          "fields": [ "title", "content" ]
        }
      },
      "field_value_factor": {
        "field": "votes",
        "modifier": "log1p" ,
        "factor": 0.1
      }
    }
  }
}


POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "function_score": {
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "query":    "popularity",
          "fields": [ "title", "content" ]
        }
      },
      "field_value_factor": {
        "field": "votes",
        "modifier": "log1p" ,
        "factor": 0.1
      },
      "boost_mode": "sum",
      "max_boost": 3
    }
  }
}

POST /blogs/_search
{
  "query": {
    "function_score": {
      "random_score": {
        "seed": 911119
      }
    }
  }
}

Term & Phrase Suggester

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DELETE articles
PUT articles
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title_completion":{
        "type": "completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST articles/_bulk
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "lucene is very cool"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elasticsearch builds on top of lucene"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elasticsearch rocks"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "elastic is the company behind ELK stack"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elk stack rocks"}
{ "index" : {} }


POST articles/_search?pretty
{
  "size": 0,
  "suggest": {
    "article-suggester": {
      "prefix": "elk ",
      "completion": {
        "field": "title_completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

DELETE articles

POST articles/_bulk
{ "index" : { } }
{ "body": "lucene is very cool"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "body": "Elasticsearch builds on top of lucene"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "body": "Elasticsearch rocks"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "body": "elastic is the company behind ELK stack"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "body": "Elk stack rocks"}
{ "index" : {} }
{  "body": "elasticsearch is rock solid"}


POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": ["Elk stack  rocks rock"]
}

POST /articles/_search
{
  "size": 1,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "body": "lucen rock"
    }
  },
  "suggest": {
    "term-suggestion": {
      "text": "lucen rock",
      "term": {
        "suggest_mode": "missing",
        "field": "body"
      }
    }
  }
}


POST /articles/_search
{

  "suggest": {
    "term-suggestion": {
      "text": "lucen rock",
      "term": {
        "suggest_mode": "popular",
        "field": "body"
      }
    }
  }
}


POST /articles/_search
{

  "suggest": {
    "term-suggestion": {
      "text": "lucen rock",
      "term": {
        "suggest_mode": "always",
        "field": "body",
      }
    }
  }
}


POST /articles/_search
{

  "suggest": {
    "term-suggestion": {
      "text": "lucen hocks",
      "term": {
        "suggest_mode": "always",
        "field": "body",
        "prefix_length":0,
        "sort": "frequency"
      }
    }
  }
}


POST /articles/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "my-suggestion": {
      "text": "lucne and elasticsear rock hello world ",
      "phrase": {
        "field": "body",
        "max_errors":2,
        "confidence":0,
        "direct_generator":[{
          "field":"body",
          "suggest_mode":"always"
        }],
        "highlight": {
          "pre_tag": "<em>",
          "post_tag": "</em>"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Auto Complete

Pratice in Dev Tools

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DELETE articles
PUT articles
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title_completion":{
        "type": "completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST articles/_bulk
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "lucene is very cool"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elasticsearch builds on top of lucene"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elasticsearch rocks"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "elastic is the company behind ELK stack"}
{ "index" : { } }
{ "title_completion": "Elk stack rocks"}
{ "index" : {} }

POST articles/_search?pretty
{
  "size": 0,
  "suggest": {
    "article-suggester": {
      "prefix": "elk ",
      "completion": {
        "field": "title_completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

DELETE comments
PUT comments
PUT comments/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "comment_autocomplete":{
      "type": "completion",
      "contexts":[{
        "type":"category",
        "name":"comment_category"
      }]
    }
  }
}

POST comments/_doc
{
  "comment":"I love the star war movies",
  "comment_autocomplete":{
    "input":["star wars"],
    "contexts":{
      "comment_category":"movies"
    }
  }
}

POST comments/_doc
{
  "comment":"Where can I find a Starbucks",
  "comment_autocomplete":{
    "input":["starbucks"],
    "contexts":{
      "comment_category":"coffee"
    }
  }
}

POST comments/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "MY_SUGGESTION": {
      "prefix": "sta",
      "completion":{
        "field":"comment_autocomplete",
        "contexts":{
          "comment_category":"coffee"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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# 启动3个集群 start 3 cluster 

bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=cluster0node -E cluster.name=cluster0 -E path.data=cluster0_data -E discovery.type=single-node -E http.port=9200 -E transport.port=9300
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=cluster1node -E cluster.name=cluster1 -E path.data=cluster1_data -E discovery.type=single-node -E http.port=9201 -E transport.port=9301
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=cluster2node -E cluster.name=cluster2 -E path.data=cluster2_data -E discovery.type=single-node -E http.port=9202 -E transport.port=9302


//在每个集群上设置动态的设置
PUT _cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "cluster": {
      "remote": {
        "cluster0": {
          "seeds": [
            "127.0.0.1:9300"
          ],
          "transport.ping_schedule": "30s"
        },
        "cluster1": {
          "seeds": [
            "127.0.0.1:9301"
          ],
          "transport.compress": true,
          "skip_unavailable": true
        },
        "cluster2": {
          "seeds": [
            "127.0.0.1:9302"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

#cURL
curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"persistent":{"cluster":{"remote":{"cluster0":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9300"],"transport.ping_schedule":"30s"},"cluster1":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9301"],"transport.compress":true,"skip_unavailable":true},"cluster2":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9302"]}}}}}'

curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9201/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"persistent":{"cluster":{"remote":{"cluster0":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9300"],"transport.ping_schedule":"30s"},"cluster1":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9301"],"transport.compress":true,"skip_unavailable":true},"cluster2":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9302"]}}}}}'

curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9202/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"persistent":{"cluster":{"remote":{"cluster0":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9300"],"transport.ping_schedule":"30s"},"cluster1":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9301"],"transport.compress":true,"skip_unavailable":true},"cluster2":{"seeds":["127.0.0.1:9302"]}}}}}'


#创建测试数据
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/users/_doc" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"name":"user1","age":10}'

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9201/users/_doc" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"name":"user2","age":20}'

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9202/users/_doc" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"name":"user3","age":30}'


#查询
GET /users,cluster1:users,cluster2:users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 20,
        "lte": 40
      }
    }
  }
}

split-brain

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# start 3 nodes in one host

bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node1 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.data=node1_data
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node2 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.data=node2_data
bin/elasticsearch -E node.name=node3 -E cluster.name=geektime -E path.data=node3_data

# avoid split-brain
quorum = master nodes/2+1
node type config default
master eligible node.master true
data node.data true
ingest node.ingest true
coordinating only NA above 3 are false
machine learning node.ml true(need x-pack)

query fetch

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DELETE message
PUT message
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 20
  }
}

GET message

POST message/_doc?routing=1
{
  "content":"good"
}

POST message/_doc?routing=2
{
  "content":"good morning"
}

POST message/_doc?routing=3
{
  "content":"good morning everyone"
}

POST message/_search
{
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}


POST message/_search
{
  "explain": true,
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "content": {
        "value": "good"
      }
    }
  }
}


POST message/_search?search_type=dfs_query_then_fetch
{

  "query": {
    "term": {
      "content": {
        "value": "good"
      }
    }
  }
}

Doc Values & Fielddata

Demo

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#单字段排序
POST /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "size": 5,
  "query": {
    "match_all": {

    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {"order_date": {"order": "desc"}}
  ]
}

#多字段排序
POST /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "size": 5,
  "query": {
    "match_all": {

    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {"order_date": {"order": "desc"}},
    {"_doc":{"order": "asc"}},
    {"_score":{ "order": "desc"}}
  ]
}

GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_mapping

#对 text 字段进行排序。默认会报错，需打开fielddata
POST /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "size": 5,
  "query": {
    "match_all": {

    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {"customer_full_name": {"order": "desc"}}
  ]
}

#打开 text的 fielddata
PUT kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "customer_full_name" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fielddata": true,
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        }
  }
}

#关闭 keyword的 doc values
PUT test_keyword
PUT test_keyword/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "user_name":{
      "type": "keyword",
      "doc_values":false
    }
  }
}

DELETE test_keyword

PUT test_text
PUT test_text/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "intro":{
      "type": "text",
      "doc_values":true
    }
  }
}

DELETE test_text


DELETE temp_users
PUT temp_users
PUT temp_users/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "name":{"type": "text","fielddata": true},
    "desc":{"type": "text","fielddata": true}
  }
}

Post temp_users/_doc
{"name":"Jack","desc":"Jack is a good boy!","age":10}

#打开fielddata 后，查看 docvalue_fields数据
POST  temp_users/_search
{
  "docvalue_fields": [
    "name","desc"
    ]
}

#查看整型字段的docvalues
POST  temp_users/_search
{
  "docvalue_fields": [
    "age"
    ]
}

From, Size, Search_after & Scroll API

  • from: where to begin search
  • size: number of docs you need query
type function
Regular real-time query top docs
Scroll Need all docs
Pagination from and size, if need deep page, use Search After 
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# result windows is too large 10000
POST tmdb/_search
{
  "from": 10000,
  "size": 1,
  "query": {
    "match_all": {

    }
  }
}

#Scroll API
DELETE users

POST users/_doc
{"name":"user1","age":10}

POST users/_doc
{"name":"user2","age":11}


POST users/_doc
{"name":"user2","age":12}

POST users/_doc
{"name":"user2","age":13}

POST users/_count

POST users/_search
{
    "size": 1,
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": [
        {"age": "desc"} ,
        {"_id": "asc"}    
    ]
}

POST users/_search
{
    "size": 1,
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "search_after":
        [
          10,
          "ZQ0vYGsBrR8X3IP75QqX"],
    "sort": [
        {"age": "desc"} ,
        {"_id": "asc"}    
    ]
}


#Scroll API
DELETE users
POST users/_doc
{"name":"user1","age":10}

POST users/_doc
{"name":"user2","age":20}

POST users/_doc
{"name":"user3","age":30}

POST users/_doc
{"name":"user4","age":40}

POST /users/_search?scroll=5m
{
    "size": 1,
    "query": {
        "match_all" : {
        }
    }
}


POST users/_doc
{"name":"user5","age":50}
POST /_search/scroll
{
    "scroll" : "1m",
    "scroll_id" : "DXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAWAWbWdoQXR2d3ZUd2kzSThwVTh4bVE0QQ=="
}

Concurrent Control

  • Optimistic lock
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DELETE products
PUT products

PUT products/_doc/1
{
  "title":"iphone",
  "count":100
}


GET products/_doc/1

PUT products/_doc/1?if_seq_no=1&if_primary_term=1
{
  "title":"iphone",
  "count":100
}


PUT products/_doc/1?version=30000&version_type=external
{
  "title":"iphone",
  "count":100
}